60 research outputs found
Silver Staining of Proteins in 2DE Gels
Silver staining detects proteins after electrophoretic separation on
polyacrylamide gels. Its main positive features are its excellent sensitivity
(in the low nanogram range) and the use of very simple and cheap equipment and
chemicals. The sequential phases of silver staining are protein fixation, then
sensitization, then silver impregnation, and finally image development. Several
variants of silver staining are described here, which can be completed in a
time range from 2 h to 1 day after the end of the electrophoretic separation.
Once completed, the stain is stable for several weeks
Improved proteomic analysis of nuclear proteins, as exemplified by the comparison of two myelo\"id cell lines nuclear proteomes
One of the challenges of the proteomic analysis by 2D-gel is to visualize the
low abundance proteins, particularly those localized in organelles. An
additional problem with nuclear proteins lies in their strong interaction with
nuclear acids. Several experimental procedures have been tested to increase, in
the nuclear extract, the ratio of nuclear proteins compared to contaminant
proteins, and also to obtain reproducible conditions compatible with 2D-gel
electrophoresis. The NaCl procedure has been chosen. To test the interest of
this procedure, the nuclear protein expression profiles of macrophages and
dendritic cells have been compared with a proteomic approach by 2D-gel
electrophoresis. Delta 2D software and mass spectrometry analyses have allowed
pointing out some proteins of interest. We have chosen some of them, involved
in transcriptional regulation and/or chromatin structure for further
validations. The immunoblotting experiments have shown that most of observed
changes are due to post-translational modifications, thereby a exemplifying the
interest of the 2D gel approach. Finally, this approach allowed us to reach not
only high abundance nuclear proteins but also lower abundance proteins, such as
the HP1 proteins and reinforces the interest of using 2DE-gel in proteomics
because of its ability to visualize intact proteins with their modifications
Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis in proteomics: A tutorial
Two-dimensional electrophoresis of proteins has preceded, and accompanied,
the birth of proteomics. Although it is no longer the only experimental scheme
used in modern proteomics, it still has distinct features and advantages. The
purpose of this tutorial paper is to guide the reader through the history of
the field, then through the main steps of the process, from sample preparation
to in-gel detection of proteins, commenting the constraints and caveats of the
technique. Then the limitations and positive features of two-dimensional
electrophoresis are discussed (e.g. its unique ability to separate complete
proteins and its easy interfacing with immunoblotting techniques), so that the
optimal type of applications of this technique in current and future proteomics
can be perceived. This is illustrated by a detailed example taken from the
literature and commented in detail. This Tutorial is part of the International
Proteomics Tutorial Programme (IPTP 2)
Glioma cell dispersion is driven by [alfa]5 integrin-mediated cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions
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Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis in proteomics: past, present and future
Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis has been instrumental in the birth and
developments of proteomics, although it is no longer the exclusive separation
tool used in the field of proteomics. In this review, a historical perspective
is made, starting from the days where two-dimensional gels were used and the
word proteomics did not even exist. The events that have led to the birth of
proteomics are also recalled, ending with a description of the now well-known
limitations of two-dimensional gels in proteomics. However, the
often-underestimated advantages of two-dimensional gels are also underlined,
leading to a description of how and when to use two-dimensional gels for the
best in a proteomics approach. Taking support of these advantages (robustness,
resolution, and ability to separate entire, intact proteins), possible future
applications of this technique in proteomics are also mentioned
Drying colloidal systems: laboratory models for a wide range of applications
The drying of complex fluids provides a powerful insight into phenomena that take place on time and length scales not normally accessible. An important feature of complex fluids, colloidal dispersions and polymer solutions is their high sensitivity to weak external actions. Thus, the drying of complex fluids involves a large number of physical and chemical processes. The scope of this review is the capacity to tune such systems to reproduce and explore specific properties in a physics laboratory. A wide variety of systems are presented, ranging from functional coatings, food science, cosmetology, medical diagnostics and forensics to geophysics and art
Preparing Protein Extracts for Quantitative TwoâDimensional Gel Comparison
International audienceThis unit describes basic protocols for efficient and reproducible protein solubilization from a variety of biological samples, including cultured animal cells and tissues, plant cells and tissues, bacteria, nuclei, other subcellular organelles, plasma, serum, and other biological fluids. The optimized extraction process is strongly sample dependent and cannot be described for every type of sample. Instead, typical protocols are provided as general guidelines and illustrate good starting points for optimization of sample preparation. These solubilization procedures take into account the constraints imposed by two-dimensional electrophoresis and are thus well suited for proteomic approaches
The whereabouts of 2D gels in quantitative proteomics
International audienceTwo-dimensional gel electrophoresis has been instrumental in the development of proteomics. Although it is no longer the exclusive scheme used for proteomics, its unique features make it a still highly valuable tool, especially when multiple quantitative comparisons of samples must be made, and even for large samples series. However, quantitative proteomics using two-dimensional gels is critically dependent on the performances of the protein detection methods used after the electrophoretic separations. This chapter therefore examines critically the various detection methods, (radioactivity, dyes, fluorescence, and silver) as well as the data analysis issues that must be taken into account when quantitative comparative analysis of two-dimensional gels is performed
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